Distinguishing between primary, secondary and tertiary amines
Distinguishing between primary, secondary and tertiary amines
Reagent: nitrous acid (NaNO2, HCl (0-50C))
Observation
(i) Primary amine: effervescence
Equation
RNH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl → RCl + N2(g) +H2O + NaCl
(ii) Secondary amines: yellow oil liquid
Equation
R2NH + NaNO2 + HCl → R2N-NO + NaCl + H2O
(iii) Tertiary amines: no observable change du to the formation of soluble diazonium salts
Equation
R3N + NaNO2 + 4HCl → RN2Cl + 2RCl + NaCl + 2H2O
(iv) Aromatic amine: no observable change due to the formation of soluble diazonium salts
Equation
ArNH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl → ArN2Cl + NaCl + 2H2O
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