
Obstacles to the struggle for independence in Zambia
The struggle for independence in Zambia faced several significant obstacles:
British Colonial Government: The colonial administration was resistant to granting independence and implemented policies to maintain control.
Central African Federation: The formation of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1953 was a major obstacle, as it aimed to consolidate British control over the region.
Ethnic and Regional Divides: Zambia’s diverse ethnic and regional groups sometimes had conflicting interests, which complicated the unity needed for a cohesive independence movement.
Political Factionalism: Different political parties and leaders, such as the United National Independence Party (UNIP) and the African National Congress (ANC), had varying visions and strategies, leading to internal conflicts.
Economic Exploitation: The colonial economy was structured to benefit the colonial powers, with limited opportunities for the local population.The control of key resources by the colonial government and foreign companies hindered economic independence and development.
Suppression of Dissent: Nationalist leaders, including Kenneth Kaunda and Harry Nkumbula, were frequently arrested and imprisoned. The colonial government used violence and repression to quell protests and nationalist activities.
Global Politics: The Cold War and international politics influenced the struggle for independence, with different global powers supporting or opposing the movement.
Economic Sanctions: The colonial government imposed economic sanctions and restrictions to weaken the nationalist movement.
Illiteracy and Lack of Education: Many Zambians were illiterate and lacked formal education, which limited their political awareness and limited exposure to global freedom movements, which delayed the rise of nationalism.
Traditional Leadership Opposition: For fear of change, traditional leaders especially in Kingdom of Bemba wanted to form an independent country and initially opposed independence of unified Zambia.
Weakness of OAU: OAU failed to use diplomatic means to ensure that Zambia gets independence.
Despite these obstacles, the resilience and determination of the Zambian people eventually led to the successful attainment of independence. The struggle was marked by resistance, sacrifice, and a strong desire for self-governance.
Please obtain free notes, exams and marking guides of Physics, chemistry, biology, history, economics, geography … from digitalteachers.co.ug website.
Thanks
Dr. Bbosa Science