The role of government in promoting agricultural development
Liberalization of agriculture enabling private investors. Construction of dams and setting up irrigation schemes to enable cropping throughout the year. Provision of agricultural inputs such ... Read More
Importance of extension workers in rural agricultural development
They train and educate farmers on modern farming practices to boost agricultural productivity. They encourage people in farming business to improve rural livelihoods They empower ... Read More
What are the effects of change in supply and demand on the price of a commodity?
Increase in demand may result into increase in price. Decrease in demand may result into decrease in price. increase in supply may result into decrease ... Read More
Importance of inventory records of a farm
used to calculate the value of farm assets or financial position of a farm Well-maintained inventory records can help farmers obtain bank loans. Lenders often require ... Read More
Factors that determine the type of record to keep on the farm
Nature of the farm i.e. livestock, poultry etc. Size of the farm Number of enterprises on the farm Skills and ability of the farm manager ... Read More
Farm documents
Documents on daily activities Order forms, invoices and Receipts Cash book and payment receipt record book Inventory record which shows a list of items present ... Read More
Importance of record keeping on a farm
Tracking animal and worker healthy Ensuring tax compliance Tracking revenue and expenses Financial requirements for lenders, government agencies and insurance Farm planning and forecasting based ... Read More
Limitations of e-marketing in Uganda
Computer illiteracy of farmers/producers and customers Remotes/lack of connection Lack of/unsteady electricity in rural areas to enable use of computers Language problems Technology dependence: E-marketing ... Read More
Advantages of e-marketing
Cheap Has a global reach Enable farmers/produces and customers to access information on commodities and prices Fast communication Easy access to information Good day Dr. ... Read More
E-marketing
It is the marketing of goods and services through internet. Read More
Reasons why agricultural credit scheme has not been very successful in Uganda
High interest rate High financial illiteracy level of farmers. Unstable weather Insecurity in some area Price fluctuation Poor market Dishonesty among borrowers Lack of security/collateral ... Read More
Steps taken by credit institutions to overcome credit problems
Educating farmers to promote their knowledge of the use of credit. Proper supervision of farmers Ensuring flexibility in loan repayment collection Reduction of interest rates ... Read More
Problems encountered by Ugandan farmer in the use and repayment of credit
High interest rates charged. Crop failure and animal death due to calamities. Theft by farm employees Price fluctuation Unplanned loans Improper record keeping Poor farm ... Read More
Constraints in budget making on a farm
Lack of skill Illiteracy of among farmers in developing countries Lack of information on prices and sources of inputs Price instability Risks and uncertainties budget ... Read More
Information required making a budget
Scheduled expenditure Scheduled income Planned expansion Read More
Information required making a budget
income monthly expenses price of inputs Read More
Promissory note
A promissory note is a legally binding agreement in which one party promises in writing to pay a given sum of money to another party. ... Read More
Importance of budgeting on a farm
Informed Decisions: Budgets help farmers make informed decisions about their operations and financial strategies. Resource Management: They provide a roadmap for managing resources efficiently and ... Read More
Measures to improve efficiency of farm
Farm efficiency is the ability to achieve maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense Farm efficiency leads to less waste, more income and better ... Read More
Qualitative inorganic chemistry for A-level students
It involves use of observations and chemicals to identify in ions in a given compound usually identified by a letter such as K, P, Q ... Read More
Qualitative inorganic chemistry for A-level students
Qualitative inorganic chemistry for A-level students It involves use of observations and chemicals to identify in ions in a given compound usually identified by a ... Read More
Livestock diseases, causes, symptoms, treatment and cotrol
(a) Anthrax Cause: bacteria (bacillus anthracis) Mode of transmission: contact with tissues/ fluids of infected animals Symptoms High fever Dysentery Brown up/swollen stomach Blood oozes ... Read More
Pig production
Terms used Sow: this is a female pig, which has already farrowed Boar: it’s a male mature pig. Gilt: a young female pig, which has ... Read More
Poultry management in Uganda
Poultry are birds that have been selected and domesticated by man, e.g. Domestic fowl, chicken, ducks, Turkey, geese, guineas fowl. Importance of poultry Provide meat ... Read More
Small ruminant production in Uganda
Small ruminants are kept for milk, meat and skins. The main animals here are sheep and goats Systems of small ruminant production in Uganda In ... Read More
Livestock management
Livestock includes all animals kept on a farm for economic purposes e.g. pigs, cattle, goats, sheep, camel, chicken, ducks, bees, pigeons, turkeys etc. Importance of ... Read More
Factors that influence the rate of meat spoilage
Disease: diseased meat spoil faster Temperature: high temperature increase the rate of spoilage Handling conditions unhygienic handling increased the rate of spoilage Slaughter conditions: contamination ... Read More
The criteria used to assess the quality of meat produced on the farm animals
Appearance: fresh meat of good quality is transparent, reddish and with smooth muscle fibres Odor and flavor Juiciness Tenderness Freshness Absence of infection lesions Lack ... Read More
Steps involved in slaughtering of animals in an abattoir
Putting animals in a holding yard and allowing them to rest in order to conserve glycogen in the body which at slaughter is converted to ... Read More
The objectives of breeding farm animals
To increase the yield of milk and meat of farm animals To increase adaptability of farm animals to local environmental conditions. Increase the growth rate ... Read More
The criteria used in measuring breeding efficiency
- number of offspring produced by an animal in lifetime - number of services per conception - percentage of non-return - percentage of pregnancy in ... Read More
The precaution taken during the dipping of animals
Do not dip thirsty animal as it may be tempted to drink the Acaricide Animals should not be wetted before dipping not to dilute the ... Read More
Factors that canmake meat unfit for human consumption
Infection by foreign bodies like e.g. tapeworm; such meat can infect the consumer If animal died from a poison may poison the consumer Animal died ... Read More
Flushing of ewes
Flushing is the practice of providing extra nutrition (usually energy) to ewes/does prior to and during the early part of the breeding season. Flushing increases weight gain ... Read More
Milk separator
A milk or cream separator is a device that removes cream from whole milk. Cream and skim milk can be separated because they have different densities and therefore, ... Read More
How to improve beef production in Uganda
Introduction of quality beef breed Upgrading local breeds through cross breeding Improved veterinary extension services Education of the farmer on livestock management Supplementing local feeds ... Read More
The factors that have made local breed of cattle to be able to live in tropic without much care
They are resistant to high temperature They are resistant to pest and disease Can walk long distances in search of water and pasture Have few ... Read More
How does oxytocin cause milk let down
Contraction of muscles around alveoli cells Relaxation of muscles around annular fold Relaxation of the muscles around the milk duct Dr. Bbosa Science Read More
Ways in which farm animals adapt to high temperature
Vasodilation and sweating Take a lot of water Reducing metabolic rate Reduced activity Seek shade Hair lowered Sheep have light colored hide to reflect heat ... Read More
Effect of high temperatures on animal production
High temperature stresses animals and reduces feed intake hence low production Stress caused by high temperature influences the protein and fat composition of milk or ... Read More
Dewlap of cattle
Dewlap is a loose fold of skin that hangs from the neck of cattle Read More
Problem keeping exotic cattle breeds
They are susceptible to diseases especially tick-borne disease leading to high expenses in treatment and prevention Are more labor intensive Do not withstand drought Need ... Read More
Milking Salve meaning
Milking Salve is an anthelminthic, antifungal agent which is applied to the cow's udder prior to milking to help prevent sores and dry cracks on the ... Read More
Causes of egg abnormalities in poultry
Genetical for example physiological defects of uterus Harsh environmental conditions causing bird to breath too much reducing the available carbon dioxide for making the eggshell ... Read More
The features/qualities of a good pigsty
Have a permanent roof to protect the pigs from rain and sunshine Strong smooth walls to avoid scratching the pigs or cause bruise Adequate ventilators ... Read More
Female reproductive system of chicken/poultry
Ovary produces ova Infundibulum: it’s where fertilization takes place and also the formation of yolk sac takes place here. The egg takes about ¼ an ... Read More
Ways of determining a good layer bird in a breeding stock
Check to find out whether the vent is large, oval and moist For a good layer the crop should be large For a good layer ... Read More
Reasons for grooming cattle
Grooming is an important behaviour for cattle. It helps them to keep a healthy coat and skin by removing dirt and parasites. Cattle groom themselves ... Read More
The causes of milk hold-up
Poor handling of animal prior to milking which induces the animal to produce adrenalin which cuts off blood supply to the udder and so causing ... Read More
Effects of hormone on milk production
Hormones initiate milk secretion e.g. prolactin, ACTH, somatrophin (SHT) and thyrotropin (TSF) Hormone control milk letdown e.g. oxytocin Hormones control milk up hold e.g. adrenaline ... Read More
Factor affecting the quality (composition) and quality (yield) of milk
Breed: Friesians produce large amounts of milk but of low butter fat while the indigenous produce less milk of high butter fat. Age: older cows ... Read More
Problems facing the pig industry
Diseases: a serious disease like swine fever / hog cholera has caused serious losses to farmers in the pig industry. Pigs are non-ruminant hence complete ... Read More
Factors to consider before starting a pig enterprise
Type of breed: the breed chosen should be the one needed in the market and one adopted with the environment Food supply: a constant supply ... Read More
Advantages of rearing pigs
Pigs require a small area since they can be confined under the intensive system of management and do not require a large area of grazing ... Read More
Terms relating to pig rearing/production
Sow: this is a female pig, which has already farrowed Boar: it’s a mature male pig. Gilt: a young female pig, which has not yet ... Read More
Precautions to take during vaccination of birds/poultry
Follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding the use of vaccines. Avoid exposing vaccines to high temperatures during transit. Store vaccines in a deep freezer before use. ... Read More
Factors to consider when planning a vaccination program for birds/poultry.
Age of the bird: Some vaccines are administered to a day-old chicks e.g. new cattle diseases or after a week. Genetic resistance of the flock: ... Read More
Qualities of a good breeding stock
Should be free from defects like lameness etc. It should be of good color. It should be able to mature sexually early. It should have ... Read More
Sexing of chicks and methods of sexing chicks
Sexing is the grouping of chicks according to their sex. Methods of sexing Vent method This is based on observation of the vent where the ... Read More
Factors essential for incubation and proper hatching of egg
Temperature: This has to be effectively controlled between 32.20C – 37.20C. Higher temperatures can cause death of embryos especially from the 19th day of incubation ... Read More