How are vertebrates adapted to terrestrial life? 

How are vertebrates adapted to terrestrial life? 

How are vertebrates adapted to terrestrial life? 

  • The vertebral column and limbs provide body support and aid in movement
  • They have bones, joint, ligaments and muscle to effect movements.
  • They have lungs for gaseous exchange
  • The have well developed osmoregulatory organ by which loss is conserved.
  • They develop impermeable cuticle to prevent water loss
  • Long loop of Henle and fewer glomeruli reduce water loss through excretion
  • They developed behavioural and physiological means of maintaining body temperature
  • Have internal fertilization that prevent loss of sperms
  • Produce shelled eggs to reduce water loss

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