Explain the functions of the components of the transmission system of tractor.

Transmission system is a system that transmits power developed by the engine to the road wheels to propel the vehicle

The rotary motion of the crankshaft gives rise to torque and transmission of this torque to road wheels give rise to a propulsive force or tractive effort causing the movement of wheels on the road.

Parts of the transmission system

1. Clutch:

This component enables the engine to keep disconnected from road wheels.

The rotary motion available at the crankshaft is not transferred to road wheels. It allows the transfer of motion when desired by the driver of the automobile.

Clutch also allows the transfer of motion gradually so that the vehicle starts moving gradually. It works on the principle of friction.

2. Gearbox:

It consists of some pairs of gear wheels. These transmit the motion available from the crankshaft, through the clutch, at different speeds.

This provides required leverage between the engine and the road wheels. This leverage is variable to cope up the different conditions encountered during the movement of the vehicle.

3. Propeller shaft:

The third component of the automobile transmission system, which transfers motion from the gearbox end to the differential end. The distance between the two can be large, and therefore, it is a shaft which is thin and long to connect the two.

4. Differential:

One of the requirements of the transmission system is to turn the motion through 90 degrees as the axis of the propeller shaft and live axle are at a right angle to each other. This is performed by the differential through wheel and pinion arrangement.

Another function performed by the differential is the variation in the speeds of inner and outer wheels when the vehicle is taking a turn.

5. Live axle:

The axle where motion from the crankshaft of the engine is transferred is known as a live axle. The other axle takes up only the load of the vehicle and therefore is termed as dead axle or simply the axle.

The motion is generally transferred to the rear axle, but it can be transferred to the front axle or both the axles. When the motion is transferred to both the axles, it is known as four-wheel drive.

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