Category: Inorganic chemistry

What is meant by disproportionation reaction

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  Disproportionation reaction is a reaction where there is concurrent oxidation and reduction Please Subscribe to promote this website. Subscription is free Share with a ... Read More

Disadvantages of using potassium permanganate (VII) in volumetric analysis

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Disadvantages of using potassium permanganate (VII) in volumetric analysis Manganate (VII) cannot be used as a primary standard because it cannot be obtained in pure ... Read More

Variation of oxidizing power of manganate (VII) ions with pH.

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Variation of oxidizing power of manganate (VII) ions with pH. The oxidizing power of potassium permanganate depends on the pH as shown below: (a) Acidic ... Read More

Uses of potassium permanganate VII

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Potassium Manganate (VII), KMnO4 - It used as an oxidizing agent to oxidize alcohols and aldehydes to carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids respectively. - it ... Read More

What are the properties of manganese as a transition element?

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Properties of manganese as a transition element Forms colored compounds; for instance Mn7+ is purple Has variable oxidation states; +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7 ... Read More

Write electron configuration of manganese

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Electron configuration of manganese 4s23d5   Please Subscribe to promote this website. Subscription is free Share with a friend Thank you so much Read More

Qualitative analysis of iron (II) and iron (III) ions

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Qualitative analysis of Fe2+ salt Common iron II salts include  Ferrous sulphate: FeSO4.7H2O  Ammonium ferrous sulphate (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O  Ferrous oxalate. FeC2O4 Qualitative analysis of Fe2+ salt ... Read More

Methods of preventing rusting

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Methods of preventing rusting (a) Keeping objects in dry places. (b) Painting (c) Oiling (d) Greasing (e) Coating with another metal. (f) Zinc plating Please ... Read More

Explain why iron (III) ions are more stable than iron (II) ions

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Explain why iron (III) ions are more stable than iron (II) ions Oxidation state Fe3+ (3d5) is more stable than F2+ (4s13d5) because Fe3+ has ... Read More

Describe the extraction of iron from one its ore

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Extraction of iron from hematite,Fe2O3 Main Impurities Silica, SiO2 Alumina, Al2O3  Procedure Iron ore, lime stone and coke in the correct proportions are reacted with ... Read More

state the properties of iron as a transition element

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Properties of iron as a transition element Forms colored compounds; for instance Fe2+ is green Has variable oxidation states; +2, +3, Forms complexes, e.g. Fe(CN)63-. ... Read More

Electron configuration of iron

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Electron configuration of Iron 3d64s2 Please Subscribe to promote this website. Subscription is free Share with a friend Thank you so much Read More

Explain why concentrated hydrofluoric acid is a stronger acid than dilute hydrofluoric acid.

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Explain why concentrated hydrofluoric acid is a stronger acid than dilute hydrofluoric acid Both concentrated and  dilute acid solution partially ionize in water  to form ... Read More

State and explain the trend in melting point of group 7 elements

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State and explain the trend in melting point of group 7 elements The melting points of group 7 elements increase down the group due to ... Read More

Explain why the acidity of halogens acids decrease in the order HI>HBr>HCl although their ionic characters increase in the reverse order.

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Explain why the acidity of halogens acids decrease in the order HI>HBr>HCl although their ionic characters increase in the reverse order. The strengths of these ... Read More

Reaction of bromine and iodine with sodium hydroxide

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Reaction of bromine and iodine with sodium hydroxide Bromine and iodine react with sodium hydroxide solution to give the halide and halate (V): 6OH- (aq) ... Read More

Reaction  of chlorine with sodium hydroxide and alkalis

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Reaction  of chlorine with sodium hydroxide and alkalis Chlorine reacts with cold dilute sodium hydroxide solution to give sodium chloride and sodium chlorate (I). 2OH- ... Read More

Reaction hydrofluoric acid with silicon dioxide

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Reaction hydrofluoric acid with silicon dioxide Moist hydrogen fluoride and aqueous solutions of the acid attack silica and glass, so the solution is stored in ... Read More

Reason for high reactivity of fluorine

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Reason for high reactivity of fluorine It has abnormally low (F-F) bond energy by comparison with other halogens (i.e., F2, 158; Cl2, 247; Br2, 193; ... Read More

Reaction of fluorine with sodium hydroxide

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Reaction of fluorine with sodium hydroxide Fluorine reacts with cold dilute solutions of alkalis to give oxygen difluoride; F2O, and with warm concentrated alkalis to ... Read More

Reaction of fluorine with water and silicon dioxide

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Fluorine substitutes oxygen from silicon dioxide and water. SiO2(s) + 2F2(g)  → SiF4(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l) + 2F2(g) → 4HF(aq) + O2 (g) Please Subscribe ... Read More

Reasons for uniqueness of fluorine

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Reasons for uniqueness of fluorine (i) Has small atomic radius (ii) Has high electronegativity (iii) Has abnormally low F-F bond energy (158kJ/mol) due to high ... Read More

Group 7 elements are Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine

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Group 7 elements are Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine Members Elements                     Symbols Fluorine                       F Chlorine                      Cl Bromine                      Br Iodine                          I Please Subscribe to promote ... Read More

Qualitative analysis of Lead II ions

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Qualitative analysis of Pb2+ Forms a white precipitate with sodium hydroxide soluble in excess Pb2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)     →    Pb(OH)2 (s) + 2OH-(aq) →           Pb(OH)42- ... Read More

Reactions of lead dioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

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Reactions of lead dioxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid. (a) Lead dioxide reacts with cold concentrated hydrochloric acid to form  lead (IV) chloride PbO2 (s) + ... Read More

Reaction of silicon dioxide with HF (hydrogen fluoride)

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Reaction of silicon dioxide with HF SiO2(s) + 4HF(g) → SiF4(aq) + H2O(l) SiF4(aq) + 2HF(aq) → H2SiF6(aq) Please Subscribe to promote this website. Subscription ... Read More

Reaction of silicon dioxide  with NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

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Reaction of silicon dioxide  with NaOH SiO2(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SiO3(aq) + H2O(l) SiO2(s) + 2-OH (aq) → SiO32- (aq) + H2O (l). Please Subscribe ... Read More

Reaction of carbon monoxide with sodium hydroxide

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Reaction of carbon monoxide with sodium hydroxide Carbon monoxide reacts with fused NaOH under pressure to give sodium methanoate. Methanoic acid is produced from this ... Read More

Differences between diamond and graphite

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Differences between diamond and graphite The density of graphite (2.3 gcm-3) that of diamond (3.5 g cm-3) Diamond is very hard while graphite is soft ... Read More

Allotropes of carbon

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Allotropes of carbon Allotropy is the existence of two or more different physical forms in the same state of a chemical element. An allotrope is ... Read More

Reasons for uniqueness of carbon

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Reasons for uniqueness of carbon Has a very small atomic radius Has high electronegativity Lacks easily accessible d-orbital in its valence shell. Please Subscribe to ... Read More

Unique characteristics of carbon

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Unique characteristics of carbon Forms gaseous oxides, the rest form solid oxides Note that Carbon dioxide is a gas because its molecules are bonded by ... Read More

Reaction  of group (IV) with sodium hydroxide

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Reaction  of group (IV) with sodium hydroxide C does not react. Si Ge and Sn react liberating hydrogen and silicate (IV), germates (IV) and stannates ... Read More

Reactions of group (IV) elements with acetic or ethanoic acid

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Reactions of group IV) elements with acetic or ethanoic acid C, Si Ge and Sn do not react. Pb reacts ethanoic acid in presence of ... Read More

Reactions of group (IV) elements with sulphuric acid

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Reactions of group (IV) elements with sulphuric acid Dilute sulphuric acid C, Si and Ge do not react. Sn and Pb reacts dilute concentrated sulphuric ... Read More

Describe reactions of group (IV) elements with nitric acid

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Reactions of group (IV) elements with nitric acid With concentrated nitric acid. C, Si, Ge and Sn react to form dioxide C(s) + 4HNO3(aq)→ CO2(g) ... Read More

Describe the reactions of group (IV) elements with hydrochloric acid

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Reaction of group (IV) elements with hydrochloric acid. Carbo, Silicon, and Germanium do not react with hydrochloric acid Tin (Sn) liberates hydrogen Sn(s) + 2H+(aq)       ... Read More

Describe reaction of group IV elements with water

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Reaction of group (IV) elements with water Carbon does not react with cold water but reacts with steam to form water gas C(s) + H2O(g)   ... Read More

Reaction of aluminium with sodium hydroxide

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Reaction of aluminium with sodium hydroxide Aluminium reacts with sodium hydroxide liberating hydrogen gas. 2Al(s) + 2-OH(aq) + 6H2O(l)   → 2Al(OH)4-(aq) + 3H2(g) Please Subscribe ... Read More

Describe extraction of aluminium from named ore

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Extraction of Aluminium Ore: Bauxite (Al2O3.xH2O)   Major impurities are Silica or SiO2 Iron salts   Principles in extraction Extraction of aluminium involves removal of ... Read More

Compare the solubility and basicity of hydroxides of group II elements with the hydroxides of group (I) elements

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Compare the solubility and basicity of hydroxides of group II elements with the hydroxides of group (I) elements Group II hydroxides are less soluble and ... Read More

Explain the trend in group II hydroxides

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Solubility of group 2 metal hydroxides The solubility of group 2A hydroxides increases down the group from Be(OH)2 to Ba(OH)2 due to an increase in ... Read More

Reactions  of group II elements with sodium hydroxide

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Reactions  of group II elements with sodium hydroxide Beryllium evolves H2 when reacted with sodium hydroxide solution to form a complex and hydrogen. Be (s) ... Read More

Reactions of group II elements with sodium hydroxide

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Reactions of group II elements with sodium hydroxide Beryllium evolves H2 when reacted with sodium hydroxide solution to form a complex and hydrogen. Be (s) ... Read More

Reaction of group II elements with nitric acid

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Reaction of group II elements with nitric acid (a) Beryllium does not react with concentrated nitric acid because it forms a layer of insoluble BeO. ... Read More

How do group II elements react with sulphuric acid under different conditions

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  Reactions of group II elements with sulphuric acid (i) Dilute sulphuric acid Calcium and barium react slowly with cold dilute sulphuric acid but the ... Read More

How does group II elements react with water?

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Reactions of group II elements with water Beryllium has no reaction with water;   Very clean Magnesium reacts slowly with water to form colorless solution ... Read More

Write outer most electron configuration of group II elements

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Outer most electron configuration of group II elements ns2 Please Subscribe to promote this website. Subscription is free Share with a friend Thank you so ... Read More

Explain the tendency of group II elements to form complexes.

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Explain the tendency of group II elements to form complexes. The tendency of group II elements to form complexes decreases down the group due to ... Read More

Flame test/colours for group II elements

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Flame test Calcium, strontium and barium give characteristic flame coloration calcium - yellowish-red strontium - crimson barium - apple-green. Please Subscribe to promote this website. ... Read More

Explain why melting points of group II elements are higher than those of group I elements

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Group 2 elements have higher melting points than group 1 elements, explain. Group II elements have higher melting points than group I elements due to ... Read More

Give one reason to explain why the elements of group II of the periodic table are strong reducing agents.

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Give one reason to explain why the elements of group II of the periodic table are strong reducing agents. Have low ionization energies and can ... Read More

suggest reasons for uniqueness of beryllium

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Reasons for uniqueness of beryllium A small atomic radius High electronegativity Has very high ionization energy that it hardly form Be2+ ions leading to covalent ... Read More

Explain the variation of first ionization energy in group II elements

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Explain the variation of first ionization energy in group II elements First ionization energy  of group 2 elements down the group down the group due ... Read More

Explain the variation of atomic radii in group II elements

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Explain the variation of atomic radii in group II elements Atomic radii of group 2 elements increase down the group due (i) Increase in the ... Read More

State what is observed and equations for the reaction which takes place when potassium iodide is added to copper(II) sulphate solution

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A white precipitate and brown solution 2Cu2+(aq) + 2I- (aq) → 2CuI(s) + I2(aq) Please Subscribe to promote this website. Subscription is free Share with ... Read More

Qualitative analysis of copper II ions

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Qualitative analysis of copper II ions Sodium hydroxide solution Forms a blue precipitate insoluble in excess Cu2+(aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2(s) Ammonia solution Forms ... Read More

Reaction of copper with hydrochloric acid

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Reaction of copper with hydrochloric acid (a) Copper does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid (b) It reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid liberating hydrogen 2Cu(s) ... Read More

Describe reactions of copper with nitric acid.

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Reactions of copper with nitric  acid (a) Copper does not react with very dilute nitric acid (b) With 50% nitric acid it forms copper nitrate, ... Read More

Describe how copper reacts with sulphuric acid

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Reaction with sulphuric acid copper does not react with dilute sulphuric acid Copper is oxidized by hot concentrated sulphuric acid to give copper sulphate, sulpur ... Read More