Explain briefly diffraction of X-rays by crystals and derive Bragg’s law. 

Explain briefly diffraction of X-rays by crystals and derive Bragg’s law.

A parallel beam of monochromatic X-rays incident on a crystal is reflected from successive atomic planes and super-imposed, forming an interference patterns

For constructive interference to occur, the path difference is equal to the whole number of wavelength

Thus BC + CD = nλ

dsinθ + dsinθ = nλ

or 2dsinθ = nλ  where n = 1, 2, 3, 4 …

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