
Factors that favored growth of nationalism and attainment of independence in Uganda
Several factors contributed to the growth of nationalism and the attainment of independence in Uganda:
- Exposure to Global Movements: Ugandans who fought alongside the British in World War II were exposed to ideas of freedom and self-determination.
- Economic Strain on Colonial Powers: The World War II weakened European colonial powers economically, making it difficult for them to maintain control over their colonies.
- Decolonization Movement: The formation of the United Nations and the decolonization movement provided a platform for African nations including Uganda to push for independence.
- Influence of Superpowers: The USA and USSR, which opposed colonialism, supported the independence movements in Africa.
- Labour Party’s Policies: The Labour Party, which came to power in Britain in 1945, was less supportive of colonialism compared to the Conservative Party. The Labour Party’s policies put pressure on Britain to grant self-rule to its colonies.
- Formation of Political Parties: Uganda National Congress (UNC) and Uganda People’s Congress (UPC) le by Apolo Militon Obote became a major force in fighting for independence.
- Economic and Social Grievances: Land Alienation, forced labor and high taxes by the British colonialists angered the Ugandan and fueled resentment and resistance to colonial rule
- Role of Educated Elite: Educated Africans, such as Ignatius Musaazi and Apolo Milton Obote, played a crucial role in organizing and leading the nationalist movements.
- Pan-African Influence: The 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester inspired African leaders to organize and prepare their people for the struggle for independence.
- Buganda’s Secession Attempts: The attempts by Buganda to secede from Uganda highlighted the desire for self-governance and contributed to the broader nationalist movement.
- Kabaka Crisis: The deportation of Kabaka Mutesa II in 1953 and the subsequent crisis galvanized support for independence.
- Influence of the success movement in Africa and Asia. Achievement of independence in Ghana and Asian countries inspired Ugandans to demand for independence.
- Opposition to Federation of East Africa: Federation of East African countries Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika was strongly opposed by the Baganda for fear of being swallowed the Federation. Fortunately, this led to the growth of nationalism among Buganda.
These factors collectively contributed to the growth of nationalism in Uganda and ultimately led to the country’s independence on October 9, 1962.
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