Factors that favored growth of nationalism and attainment of independence in Angola

Several factors contributed to the growth of nationalism and the attainment of independence in Angola:

Economic Exploitation: The Portuguese colonial administration exploited Angola’s resources, particularly its agricultural and mineral wealth, often at the expense of the local population.

Forced Labor: The imposition of forced labor and the requirement to cultivate only certain crops, like cotton, led to widespread discontent among the Angolan people and united them against the Portuguese rule.

Formation of Liberation Movements: Several nationalist movements emerged, including the MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola), FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola), and UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola). These movements united various ethnic groups in the fight against colonial rule.

Guerrilla Warfare: The nationalist movements employed guerrilla tactics, which were effective in the Angolan terrain characterized by thick forests and difficult terrain.

Support from Other African Nations: Independent African states and the Organization of African Unity (OAU) provided support to the Angolan liberation movements.

Cold War Dynamics: The Cold War also played a role, with the MPLA receiving support from the Soviet Union and Cuba, while the FNLA and UNITA received support from the United States and other Western countries.

Support from OAU: Through liberation committee based in Dares-Salaam, OAU offered support to the liberation movements in Angola which boosted their struggle for independence.

Support from UNO: As a World organization, UN offered assistance to Angolan refugees and condemned the Portuguese rule.

Ethnic Tensions: The diverse ethnic composition of Angola led to tensions and divisions, but also a shared desire for independence among different groups.

Educational Advancements: Increased literacy and education helped spread nationalist ideas and awareness among the population.

Portuguese Colonial Policies: The colonial administration used repressive measures to suppress dissent, which further fueled the desire for independence.

These factors combined to create a strong and sustained movement for independence, ultimately leading to Angola’s independence on November 11, 1975.

Please obtain free notes, exams and marking guides of Physics, chemistry, biology, history, economics, geography … from digitalteachers.co.ug website.

Thanks

Dr. Bbosa Science