Factors that led to liberation war in Guinea Bissau

Economic Exploitation: The Portuguese colonial administration exploited Angola’s resources, particularly its agricultural and mineral wealth, often at the expense of the local population. Africans suffered from unemployment, inflation and poverty leading to resentment of Portuguese rule.

Forced Labor: The imposition of forced labor and the requirement to cultivate only certain crops, like cotton, led to widespread discontent among the Angolan people led to the struggles for self-rule.

Discrimination: Portuguese policies discriminated against the indigenous population, limiting their access to education and skilled employment.

Formation of Liberation Movements: The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was founded by Amílcar Cabral in 1956. The party aimed to unite various nationalist groups and lead the struggle for independence. PAIGC launched an armed struggle against Portuguese rule in 1963, using guerrilla tactics to challenge the colonial forces

International Support: Independent African states and the Organization of African Unity (OAU) provided support to the Guinea Bissau liberation movements.

Cold War Dynamics: The Cold War played a role, with PAIGC receiving support from the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and other socialist countries

Ethnic Tensions: The diverse ethnic composition of Guinea Bissau led to tensions and divisions, but also a shared desire for independence among different groups.

Educational Advancements: Increased literacy and education helped spread nationalist ideas and awareness among the population.

Refusal to Negotiate: The Portuguese government’s refusal to consider a negotiated settlement for independence prolonged the conflict.

Repressive Measures: The colonial administration used repressive measures to suppress dissent, which further fueled the desire for independence.

These factors combined to create a strong and sustained movement for independence, ultimately leading to Guinea-Bissau’s independence on September 10, 1974.

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Dr. Bbosa Science