Adaptations of chloroplast to their functions

• Outer membrane is semi- permeable to regulate entry and exit of substances for maintaining internal chloroplast environment.
• Contains chlorophyll to trap light for photosynthesis
• Abundant enzymes catalyse photosynthetic reactions in the stoma
• Many grana, large surface area for photosynthetic pigments, electron carriers and ATP synthase enzymes.
• Grana surrounded by the stroma so the products from the light dependent reaction (which occur across the thylakoid membrane which make up the grana) can readily pass into the stroma for the light independent reaction.
• Narrow intermembrane space enables H⁺ ion concentration gradient to be rapidly established for chemiosmosis to occur
• Inner membrane contains molecules for electron transport pathway
• DNA presence codes for protein synthesis, including enzymes.
• Many ribosomes for protein synthesis to reduce on importing proteins from cytoplasm
• Outer membrane is permeable to gases like carbon dioxide which is a raw material for photosynthesis

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Dr. Bbosa Science