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Balancing equations (O-level chemistry)
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FORMULAE & EQUATIONS
- Meaning of an equation, if we consider the following equation:
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → Zn SO4(aq) + H2(g)
65 (2 + 32 + 64) (65 + 32 + 64)
65 98 → 161g + 2
It expresses the following information:
- That 1 molecule of H2SO4 contains: 2 atoms of H, 1 atom of S, and 4 atoms of oxygen.
- A molecule of ZnSO4 contains 1 atom of Zn, 1 atom of sulphur and 4 atoms of oxygen.
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
A chemical equation:
Is the symbols and formulae which represent a chemical reaction
e.g. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)
Laws governing writing chemical equation.
1. The reactants are written on the left-hand side and the products on the right-hand side.
2. The number atoms of the products must balance with those of the reactants.
3. Each element or compound must have a state symbol.
Balancing the equation
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Zn = 1 Zn = 1
H = 2 H = 2
Cl = 2 Cl = 2
Also, watch this
EXERCISE
Balance the following equations.
1. C4H8 + O2 → H2O + CO2
2. P + O2 → PO5
3. Cu(NO3)2 + NaCl → NaNO3 + CuCl2
4. NO + O2 → NO2
5. KCl → K + Cl2
6. Cu + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O + SO2
7. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
8. Cu + HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O
9. NH3 + O2 → NO + H2O
10. P4O10 + CaO → Ca3(PO4)2
11. FeSO4 + O2 + H2O → Fe(OH) SO4
12. P + Fe2O3 → P4O10 + Fe
13. Zn(OH)2 + HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2O
14. NH4OH + H3PO4 → (NH4)3PO4 + H2O
15. Indicate whether the equations are balanced as written:
- 2Sn + 2H2SO4 → 2SnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
- 3Cl2 + 6NaOH → 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O
Answers
1. C4H8 + 6O2 → 4H2O +4 CO2
2. 2P +5 O2 → 2 PO5
3. Cu(NO3)2 + 2 NaCl → 2NaNO3 + CuCl2
4. 2NO + O2 → 2NO2
5. 2KCl → 2K + Cl2
6. Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2
7. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
8. Cu + 4HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
9. 4NH3 + 3O2 → 4NO + 2H2O
10. P4O10 + 6CaO → 2Ca3(PO4)2
11. 4FeSO4 + 2O2 + 2H2O → 4Fe(OH)SO4
12. 4P + 10Fe2O3 → P4O10 + 20Fe
13. Zn(OH)2 + 2HNO3 →Zn(NO3)2 + 2H2O
14. 3NH4OH + H3PO4 → (NH4)3PO4 + 3H2O
15. Indicate whether the equations are balanced as written:
- 2Sn + 2H2SO4 → 2SnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O (not balanced)
- 3Cl2 + 6NaOH → 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O (balanced)
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