Category: Geography
Differentiate between annual range of temperature and diurnal range of temperature
Candidates are expected to differentiate between annual range of temperature and diurnal range of temperature. Annual range of temperature is the difference between the highest ... Read More
To what extent has relief influenced the development of drainage patterns in East Africa?
Candidates should define the term drainage pattern Drainage pattern is s the layout/plan or arrangement made by a river and its tributaries on the landscape ... Read More
Drainage pattern-geography
Drainage pattern is the layout/plan or arrangement made by a river and its tributaries on the landscape (Drainage basin) over which it flows. Read More
Describe the landforms resulting from chemical weathering in East
Candidates should define chemical weathering as the decomposition/decay/rotting of rocks at or near the earth surface. It occurs in situ (one place). Candidates should identify ... Read More
Polje – geography
Polje. This is an elongated basin having a flat floor and steep walls. The poljes are formed by coalescence of several sinkholes when being formed ... Read More
Limestone gorge
Limestone gorge is deep steep-sided valley formed when acid rain seeps into the cracks in limestone rocks or when a larger river erodes/ weathers soft ... Read More
Duricrust-geography
Duricrust is a hard crust (layer) found on the surface formed from mineral precipitation i.e. deposition of insoluble materials from a solution. The most common ... Read More
Tors meaning in geography
Tors are landforms created by chemical weathering of a rock along along joints followed by removal of the weathered material Read More
Conditions favouring chemical weathering.
Heavy rainfall and high humidity to avail water to act as a medium of chemical reactions. Hot temperatures to accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. ... Read More
Chemical weathering
Chemical weathering as the decomposition/decay/rotting of rocks at or near the earth surface. Read More
To what extent does the nature of materials ejected influence the formation of volcanic relief land forms
Candidates should define volcanic relief land reforms as features formed as a result of the ejection of Liquid, Solid or Gaseous materials on the surface ... Read More
What is a fault line in geography?
A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. This ... Read More
Account for the formation of the East African rift valley.
Candidates are expected to define a Rift Valley . As an elongated trough or depression bordered or surrounded by in- facing fault scarps along more ... Read More
Differentiate between normal faults and reversed
Normal faults They result from tensional forces pulling apart the earth’s crust in opposite directions Diagram/illustration of normal fault can be either vertical or inclined ... Read More
Describe the characteristics of tropical rain forests.
Tropical rain forests are the natural forests within the tropics. They can be classified into Mangrove, Riverine, Montane and Tropical low land forests. Characteristics of ... Read More
Explain the conditions a which favoured the growth of tropical rain forests in Africa
Candidates should identify areas in Africa where tropical rainforests are found e.g. DR Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, Uganda, C.A.R, Kenya etc. Should not only ... Read More
What is montane climate?
The montane type of climate is experienced largely on the high mountain slopes of such high land ranges like the Elgon, Ruwenzori, and the Muhavura, ... Read More
What is a riverine in geography?
Riverine landscapes may also be defined as a network of rivers and their surrounding land, which is excellent for agricultural use because of the rich ... Read More
Explain the factors that influence/affect the atmospheric pressure of a place.
Temperature differences: An increase in temperature leads to a fall in pressure & a decrease in temperature leads to rise in pressure. For example equatorial ... Read More
Aneroid barometer and how it works
Aneroid barometer An aneroid barometer has a corrugated/collapsible metal box that expands and contracts, depending on the atmospheric pressure around it. This is amplified by ... Read More
A mercury barometer and how it works
A mercury barometer consists of a glass tube which is inverted over a bowl of mercury. The glass tube is marked in mm and it's ... Read More
To what extent has longshore drift influenced the development of depositional features in East Africa?
Candidates are expected to define the term longshore drift, talk about constructive waves, give the landforms that result from longshore drift then bring out ... Read More
Winged headlands
Winged headlands: These are spits attached at both sides of the headland. They develop when spits develop at both sides of the headland. This occurs ... Read More
Cuspate foreland
Cuspate foreland is a triangular shaped deposit of sand, shingle projecting sea wards formed by convergence to one apex of two separate curved spits broadly ... Read More
Cuspate Spit
Cuspate Spit applies to two spit converging It is also a recurving of a simple spit until it becomes attached to the shore at both ... Read More
Hooked Spit
Hooked Spit is a long narrow ridge of sand, shingle or pebbles joined to the mainland on one side with hooked end projecting into the ... Read More
Beach Bars
Beach Bars are Ridges of sand, Mud, gravel and shingle deposited off shore parallel to the coast formed on gently sloping coast/irregular shoreline. Formation is ... Read More
Beach Berms
Beach Berms is ridge like features formed by larger material that accumulates at furthest limit of Swash action. Develop on beaches when Swash is stronger ... Read More
Beach rocks
Beach rock is a friable to well-cemented sedimentary rock that consists of a variable mixture of gravel, sand and silt-sized sediment that is cemented with ... Read More
Bayhead beach
A Bayhead beach is a type of beach that is crescent shaped and has developed at the head or back of a bay between two headlands by constructive ... Read More
Beach cusps
Beach cusps is a series of small horn-shaped projections separated by shallow indentations that point Sea wards. Formed by eddies of powerful swash that ... Read More
Swash meaning
Swash (WATER) is the movement of liquid, especially the water that moves up a beach as a wave comes in, or the sound that it ... Read More
Barrier beach
Barrier beach is a narrow and elongated ridge of sand deposits approximately parallel to the shoreline separated from it by a lagoon. It is formed ... Read More
Spit meaning in geography
A spit is a long narrow ridge of sand, shingle or pebbles in a linear form joined to the land at one end with the ... Read More
Davisian cycle
The Davisian cycle of land form evolution also referred to as t e geomorphic cycle or Erosional cycle was proposed by William Morris Davis He ... Read More
Peneplain in geography
A peneplain/level surface is a low-relief plain which is formed as a result of stream erosion. Read More
Orogenic processes
Orogenic process refers to process involved in the formation of mountain ranges by intense upward displacement of the earth's crust, usually associated with folding, thrust ... Read More
Degradation meaning in geography
Degradation refers to the gradual lowering/ destruction of the landscape through the work of weathering, mass - wasting and erosion. Agents involved in the denudation ... Read More
Aggradation meaning
Aggradation is an exogenic process which involves the building up or deposition and accumulation of unconsolidated materials by marine or fluvial process in low land ... Read More
Exogenic process meaning
Exogenic Processes are processes occurring on the Earth's surface and that generally reduce relief. These processes include weathering and the erosion, transport, and deposition of ... Read More
Fluvial process
Fluvial processes refers to process involving shaping the landscape through eroding landforms, transporting sediment, and depositing it to create new landforms by rivers and ... Read More
Volcanic neck
Volcanic neck is the solidified remains of volcanoes' conduit and plumbing systems that remain after the rest of a volcano has been eroded away Besides the ... Read More
Volcanic plug
These are very steep sided volcanic features that stand out prominently above the ground. Volcanic plug is formed by a very explosive eruption where viscous ... Read More
Lava plateaus
A lava plateau is upland with more or less monotonous relief and formed by different or successive layers of lava. It's formed by a quiet ... Read More
Composite cones / strato volcanoes.
These are usually large volcanic cones with fairly steep slopes. They are made of alternate layers of ash and lava ejected through a central vent ... Read More
Ash and cinder cones.
These are small steep sided hills usually less than 200m in height formed by very violent eruption. Violent eruption brew lava into very many fragments ... Read More
Tectonic movements
Tectonic movements are differential movements of the earth's crust which are lateral or vertical, rapid or slow within the earth's crust. Tectonic movements originate from ... Read More
highland meaning
A highland is a raised area or upland which is above 1500m above sea level The major highlands in Uganda include: Kigezi highlands, the Rwenzori ... Read More
Processes responsible for the formation of stratified rocks
Stratified rocks are sedimentary rocks that result from weathering of already existing rock. The weathered fragments are eroded and transported by agents like running water, ... Read More
volcanic plug meaning
A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano Read More
Describe the characteristics of semi-desert vegetation.
Candidates are expected to describe the characteristics of semi-desert vegetation as follows ; The vegetation has bush thorny trees with scrubs growing in between. Many ... Read More
Examine the causes and effects of tropical cyclones.
Candidates are expected to define the term tropical cyclones, describe the characteristics of Tropical cyclones, state the regions where they occur. Describe how they are ... Read More
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ)
The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ - pronounced "itch") appears as a band of clouds consisting of showers, with occasional thunderstorms, that encircles the globe near the equator ... Read More
Cyclone meaning
A Cyclone is a low pressure wind system that moves at an averagely high speed of 250km/hr, with a diameter between 80 and 400kms Read More
To what extent has altitude influenced the climate of East Africa?
‘Candidates should define climate and describe the different climatic zones of East Africa Climate is the average weather conditions of a place recorded for ... Read More
Climate meaning
Climate is the average weather conditions of a place recorded for a long period of time i.e. 30 - 40 years. Read More
Explain the influence of rock structure on the development of drainage patterns in East Africa.
Candidates should briefly describe rock structure as entailing aspects of rock hardness, rock jointing, rock dip, stratification, mineralogical composition, homogeneity, rock heterogeneity etc. The nature ... Read More