Category: Geography
Distinguish between radial and dendritic drainage patterns.
Radial drainage pattern This is a drainage pattern where several rivers originate from the same source/ central point and flow outwards to different directions down ... Read More
Account for the occurrence of mechanical weathering in East Africa.
The candidates are expected to define the term Mechanical weathering Mechanical weathering is the process that involves disintegration or breakdown of rocks into ... Read More
Mechanical weathering
Mechanical weathering is the process that involves disintegration or breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments without any chemical changes in the composition of the rock. ... Read More
To what extent was faulting responsible for the formation of relief landforms in East Africa?
Candidates should defi.ne the term faulting Faulting is s the fracturing/ breaking/ rapturing/cracking of rocks due to strain and stress which subsequently leads to the ... Read More
Explosion crater
An explosion crater is bowl-shaped depression formed by an explosive event through the displacement and ejection of material from the ground, e.g. Lake Katwe Read More
Composite volcanoes meaning
Composite volcanoes are tall, symmetrically shaped, with steep sides, sometimes rising 10,000 feet high. They are built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, ... Read More
Basalt dome meaning
A basalt dome is a broad rounded dome-shaped volcano formed almost exclusively of basaltic lava Read More
Cumulo domes
A cumulo dome is a lava dome or volcanic dome is a roughly circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano, ... Read More
Fault guided valleys
Fault guided valleys are faulted valleys found along single faults where the fault zone is crushed susceptible to weathering and erosion. Read More
Fault scarps/ fault escarpments.
Fault scarps/ fault escarpment is a steep slope along a fault formed when one block along the fault line is thrown up and the other own ... Read More
Tilt block land scape
Tilt block land scape is upland of inclined crustal block It has angular inclined ridges and depressions formed by multiple faulting and vertical movements which ... Read More
Block mountain
Block mountain is a mountain formed by the uplift of blocks of the earth's crust or Block mountain is an upland bordered by fault scarps ... Read More
Rift valley meaning
A rift valley is a lowland region that forms where Earth's tectonic plates move apart, or rift. Or A rift valley is an elongated trough ... Read More
Discuss the causes and effects of soil erosion in East Africa
Candidates are expected to define soil erosion as the removal/washing away of the top thin layer of soil by agents like wind, running water, glaciers ... Read More
Insolation
Insolation is the amount of solar radiation received on a given surface in a given time period. Read More
Describe conditions that influence the in-coming solar radiation in an area.
Latitude The angular distance of a place from the equator partially determines the distance from the sun to the earth’s surface. This further determines the ... Read More
Distinguish between terrestrial radiation and solar radiation
Terrestrial radiation (Thermal Radiation) This is the energy transmitted/transferred from the earth's surface to the atmosphere. Radioactive decay of isotopes at the earth's surface contributes ... Read More
Account for the decline of savannah vegetation cover in East Africa.
A candidate is expected to define the term savanna vegetation Savanna vegetation lies between the tropical forest zone and desert areas. A ... Read More
Explain the influence of denudational processes on the formation of lakes in East Africa
Candidates are to define the Term Lake and denudational processes. A lake can be defined as a body of water occupying a hollow or depression ... Read More
To what extent have human activities been responsible for the occurrence of landslides in East Africa.
Candidates should define landslides as: Landslide is a Fast/rapid/sudden movement of weathered materials of rocks from the upper to the lower slopes under the influence ... Read More
Explain the process responsible for the formation of igneous rocks in East Africa.
Candidates are expected to:- Define igneous rocks Identify process of formation. Give origin of process Identify/describe the types of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are fire ... Read More
Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are rocks that are composed of particles of rocks that have been deposited in layers by water, wind or moving ice. They are ... Read More
Igneous rocks
Igneous rocks are fine formed rocks due to vulcanicity. Characteristics of igneous rocks They are crystalline in structure They do not contain Some are spongy ... Read More
What is Vulcanicity in geography?
Volcanism, vulcanism or volcanicity is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon, ... Read More
Explain the factors which influence soil profile development in East Africa.
Candidates are expected to explain the conditions for soil profile development Nature of the parent Rock Hard rocks which are not easily weathered such ... Read More
Soil profile
Soil profile refers to the vertical arrangement /section through the soil from the surface up to the parent rock. It is composed of soil layers ... Read More
Explain the weather conditions associated with tropical cyclones.
The weather conditions associated with tropical cyclones are winds, pressure, humidity, clouds and rain These weather conditions vary with vortices. Those in the advance vortex ... Read More
Examine the influence of altitude on vegetation zonation in the highlands of East Africa.
Candidates are expected to define vegetation zonation, identify the highlands of East African then illustrate the vegetation zones on the highlands of East Candidates should ... Read More
Vegetation meaning
Vegetation is a continuous plant cover. Read More
Factors Influencing Types and Distribution of Vegetation in East Africa
Topographical Factors Altitude Coniferous trees are found at high altitudes because they are adapted to cool conditions. There is no vegetation on mountain tops because ... Read More
Characteristics of tropical cyclones
They originate from within the tropical latitude usually between 5° and 200 North and south of Equator They cover a diameter of between 80-400 km ... Read More
Location/areas where tropical cyclones occur
They develop or occur in the tropics between 5° and 20° North and South of the equator. Read More
Tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone also known as typhoons(Asia), or hurricanes (America and West Indies), Willy-willies (Australia) or simply cyclones is an intense, low pressure wind system ... Read More
crater meaning
A crater is a bowl-shaped depression, or hollowed-out area, produced by the impact of a meteorite, volcanic activity, or an explosion. Read More
Value of craters to the national economy
Tourist attraction hence source of local income and foreign exchange to develop socio-economic infrastructure Salt extract/ Quarrying for local income, export for foreign exchange, used ... Read More
Landforms resulting from glacial erosion
A cirque (corrie) is a steep sided rock basin, semi-circular in plan cut into valley heads and mountain Many are very small but some have ... Read More
Truncated spurs
Truncated spurs. These are spurs with steep edges ending in the valley. They are formed when former interlocking spurs are affected by plucking during glacial ... Read More
Crag and Tail.
Crag and Tail is a mass of resistant rock outcrop, steep on the up - stream side which protects the soft rocks on the leeward ... Read More
What is the difference between crag and tail and roche moutonnée?
A crag and tail is distinguished from a roche moutonnée by the presence of an elongate, tapered ridge of till extending downstream. Often produced by ... Read More
Roche moutennee
Roche moutennee is a gentle sloping mass of rock on upstream side and steep irregular on downstream side. It is formed when the upstream side is ... Read More
Rock Basins.
Rock Basins. These are circular depressions in U- shaped valleys. These are formed due to unequal power of erosion due to varying thickness of ice ... Read More
Hanging valleys
Hanging valleys. These are tributary valleys above the main valley that descend steeply into the main valley. They generally form when glacier ice deeply erodes ... Read More
Glacial trough
Glacial trough is a broad bottom and steep sided U- shaped valley, It is formed when a river valley is filled with glacier. Plucking and abrasion ... Read More
A pyramidal peak geograpghy
This is a sharp rock pinnacle which is steep sided surrounded by a system of radiating arêtes. It is formed from glacial erosion where cirques ... Read More
Solifluction in geography
Solifluction is a process where water-saturated soil flows down a steep slope Read More
Corrie in geography
A corrie is a horseshoe-shaped valley which is formed through erosion by ice or glaciers. Read More
What is a cirque and how is it formed?
Cirques are bowl-shaped, amphitheater-like depressions that glaciers carve into mountains and valley sidewalls at high elevations. Drawing of cirque Read More
The processes of glacial erosion in East Africa
Is a process by which frozen rock and any other loose fragments tear away from the rock as the glacier moves down slope. It is ... Read More
Glaciation
Glaciation comes from the word ''glacier" which means moving large mass of ice from higher level to lower level under the influence of gravity resulting ... Read More
The effects /landforms due to river rejuvenation.
V-knick point is a sharp break of slope in the long profile of a river valley. It is a point in the river bed where ... Read More
Entrenched meander.
Entrenched meander. These are valleys with steep sided symmetrical profiles. They develop on weak reeks where there's rapid lowering of the base level Read More
Ingrown meanders
Ingrown meanders. This is a valley with an asymmetrical cross-profile, where one side is steeper than the other. It normally develops on more resistant rocks ... Read More
Knick point
V-knick point is is part of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in channel slope, such as a waterfall or lake. ... Read More
Causes of river rejuvenation
River rejuvenation is the renewal of the erosive activity of the river within its old valley. Heavy rainfall (climate change) in the catchment areas causes ... Read More