Describe briefly how to determine the lower and upper fixed points for an uncalibrated liquid-in-glass thermometer.

Describe briefly how to determine the lower and upper fixed points for an uncalibrated liquid-in-glass thermometer.

• the bulb of the thermometer is immersed in pure ice-water mixture; the level of liquid column falls to a constant length. The level of the liquid column is marked and is the lower fixed point.
• the bulb of the thermometer is then immersed in steam from pure water; the level of liquid column rises to a constant length. The level of the liquid column is marked and is the upper fixed point.

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