Describe the major economic development in Tanganyika between 1910-1960.
The major economic developments in Tanganyika (now Tanzania) between 1910 and 1960 were influenced by both colonial policies and global economic trends. Here are some key points:
Agricultural Expansion: The colonial administration promoted the cultivation of cash crops such as sisal, coffee, and cotton. Sisal, in particular, became a significant export commodity, with Tanganyika becoming one of the world’s leading producers by the mid-20th century.
Infrastructure Development: To support agricultural exports, the colonial government invested in infrastructure, including the construction of railways and roads. The Central Line and the Tanga Line were crucial in connecting agricultural regions to ports.
Mining: The discovery and exploitation of mineral resources, such as gold and diamonds, contributed to economic growth. Mining activities attracted foreign investment and led to the development of mining towns.
Labor Migration: The demand for labor in plantations and mines led to significant internal migration. Many people moved from rural areas to work in these sectors, altering the demographic landscape.
Employment: There was an increase in employment opportunities following an increase in demand agricultural products, infrastructural development and urbanization.
Education and Training: There was a gradual increase in the establishment of schools and vocational training centers to provide education and skills to the local population. However, the focus was still limited, and the majority of the population remained uneducated.
Health sector: The colonial government established healthcare facilities, although these services were primarily aimed at the settler population and urban areas. Nevertheless, they laid the groundwork for future development.
Urbanization: The growth of economic activities led to the development of urban centers, such as Dar es Salaam, Tanga, and Arusha. These cities became hubs of trade, administration, and industry.
Economic Policies: The colonial administration implemented policies to control and regulate the economy, including price controls and marketing boards for agricultural products. These policies often favored European settlers and companies.
World War II Impact: The Second World War had a significant impact on Tanganyika’s economy. The demand for raw materials and food supplies increased, leading to a boost in agricultural production. The war also led to the construction of military infrastructure, which later benefited the civilian economy.
Market: There an increased in market for imported and local products following advertisement, exposure and population growth.
These developments laid the foundation for Tanganyika’s post-independence economic growth, although the benefits were unevenly distributed and often favored the colonial powers.
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Dr. Bbosa Science
