Describe the process of fertilization in higher plants

Describe the process of fertilization in higher plants

 Fertilization is the fusion of male and female to produce a zygote

•    In higher plants, the male gamete is the pollen grain produced by anthers while the female gamete the ovum resides in embryo sac in the ovary where fertilization occurs
• When a pollen grain lands on the receptive stigma, the pollen grain then absorbs the sugary fluid and increase in size and volume.
• The exine burst open and the intine grows into a long narrow tube called the pollen tube.
• The pollen tube nucleus occupies the position at the tip and controls it growth.
• The generative nucleus again divides mitotically into 2 male nuclei.
• On reaching the ovary the pollen tube enters, usually through the micropyle to the embryo.
• One male nucleus fuses with egg cell to forma diploid zygote.
• The second male nucleus fuse with both polar nuclei to form a triploid nucleus which give rise to endosperm.

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