Determination of freezing point depression constant using Beckmann’s procedure

Determination of freezing point depression constant using Beckmann’s procedure

Determination of freezing point depression constant using Beckmann’s procedure

  1. A given mass of the solvent (m1) is placed in glass tube A into which a thermometer is immersed. This tube is fitted with a wire stirrer, s1, and a side arm, m, through which the solute can be introduced.

Apparatus

  1. the tube A is surrounded by a wider tube, B, which provides an air jacket to ensure uniform cooling
  2. The freezing agent is contained in vessel C consisting of a mixture of ice and salt and is kept stirred by stirrer S2.
  3. The freezing point of the pure solvent T1, is determined by stirring both freezing agent and the solvent and recording the constant temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid.
  4. After determining the freezing point of a solvent the solid is warmed to melt.
  5. A given mass of solute m2 is introduced into the solvent through side arm, m, and stirred until completely dissolved.
  6. Repeat procedure 4 and note the temperature (T2) at which pure solvent alone separate out from solution as solid.

 

Treatment of results

Mass of solvent                                              = M1

Mass of solute                                                 = m2

∆t                                                                       = (T1-T2)

Molecular mass of solute                              = Mr

NB. this method is ideal for solvents with small depression constants.

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