Explain how the gene frequency of a population may be altered

How gene frequency of a population may be altered

• There is non-random breeding. In such cases sexual selection occurs whenever the presence of one or more inherited characteristics increases the likelihood of bringing about successful fertilization of gametes. As a result, the frequency of some genes increases while that of others reduces in the population.
• The population is small and leads to genetic drift. There is usually chance appearance or disappearance of genes in a small population, leading to change in frequency of the gene in question.
• Genotypes are not equally fertile. In this case, the more advantageous (fertile) alleles are transferred to offspring at the expense of other alleles. This leads to change in frequency of such genes.
• Gene flow occurs between populations. Interbreeding between populations always leads to flow of genes within the populations involved. This causes instability in the gene frequency of the populations.
• Mutations occur. Occurrence of a mutant gene in the population can lead to change in frequency of the gene over generations.

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