Explain the physical processes in an X-ray tube that account for characteristic lines 

Explain the physical processes in an X-ray tube that account for characteristic lines

At high tube voltages, the bombarding electron penetrate deep into the atom and knock out the electron from inner shell. The knocked out electron can either be ejected completely out of the atom or it occupies any of the higher shell. This puts an atom in an excited state and the atom therefore becomes unstable. Electron transition from higher shell to a vacancy left in the lower shell results in emission of an X-ray photon of energy equal to the difference between the energy levels.

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