Explain why concentrated hydrofluoric acid is a stronger acid than dilute hydrofluoric acid.

Explain why concentrated hydrofluoric acid is a stronger acid than dilute hydrofluoric acid

Both concentrated and  dilute acid solution partially ionize in water  to form hydrogen ions

HF (g) + H₂O(l)    ↔ H₃O⁺(aq) + F^–(aq)

However, in concentrated solution excess HF molecules complex with and remove F^– ions from the solution which leads to further ionization of the acid producing extra H⁺.

F^– (aq) + HF (g) → HF₂^– (aq)

This makes concentrated HF  to contain more hydrogen ion and hence stronger acid than dilute solution

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