Explain why the tension in a cable of a lift when it is ascending is different from when it is descending.
The tension is greater when the lift is ascending because it has to overcome both the weight of the lift and the force due to its acceleration upwards.
Explanation
When the Lift is Ascending:
- Gravity’s Force: The weight of the lift and its contents (passengers, cargo) create a downward force due to gravity. This force is equal to the mass (m) of the lift multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity (g), resulting in a force F=mgF = mg.
- Upward Acceleration: When the lift ascends, it needs to overcome gravity and accelerate upwards. This requires an additional force. The total tension (T) in the cable must provide this extra force to achieve upward acceleration (a). Hence, the total tension is given by T=m(g+a)T = m(g + a).
When the Lift is Descending:
- Gravity’s Force: Similar to ascending, the lift and its contents exert a downward force due to gravity, F=mg F = mg.
- Downward Acceleration: When the lift descends, it accelerates downwards. However, the cable still needs to control this descent, effectively reducing the tension compared to when it is stationary or ascending. In this case, the tension (T) in the cable is calculated as T=m(g−a)T = m(g – a).
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