Geography (UACE 250/2) paper 2 Revision questions for tourism in the world

1. Account for the development of tourism in either California or Republic of South Africa.

(Candidates should select one country either California or Republic of South Africa and identify the main tourist attractions and major centres. They should hen explain the factors that have led to the development of tourism)

CALIFORNIA

Tourist centres Include: Los Angel, San Francisco, Stockton etc.

Tourist attractions include:  Coastal land scape, drainage features, wildlife, desert climate and vegetation, Beaches, Mountains e.g. Sirra Nevada, Canals and rivers, Film industry, Irrigation schemes etc.

Factors which have influenced development of tourism in California include

Physical factors

• Presence of varied climate has favored tourism in that during winter, tourists engage in winter games such as skiing and skating on snow or glaciers and watching of beautiful During sun bathing, swimming, mountain climbing and filming are done. The California Desert with plenty of sunshine and some of the hottest places on earth e.g. the Death Valley tourist attraction to many people.
• Presence of varied relief features that promote research, filming and mountain Such  mountain are Mt. Whitney, Mt. Shasta the Sierra Nevada ranges, coastal ranges with glaciated landscape have attracted many tourists to California
• Presence of a variety of wild animals such as bears, wolves, deer, sea birds, ostriches  in  some zoos such as the San Diego zoo, Yellow stone National park have attracted many tourists to California to carry out filming, watching , controlled hunting and. wild game meat such as crocodile and deer beef served in some hotels.
• Presence of varied drainage features such as the coastal waters of the pacific Ocean with plenty of marine life such as fish, whales, sharks that encourage sport fishing and boat cruising. Rivers such as San Joaquin for rafting, swimming and sun bathing. The coastal beaches, cliffs, caves for research filming, sun bathing have all attracted tourists to California.
• The varying vegetation such as the desert cactus and thorny bushes, the giant tall sequoias trees with great heights of up to 100 metres and over 7 metres in diameter, some of which are more 2000 years old have attracted tourists to California to carry out watching, filming, camping, art and design etc.
• California is strategically located on the Pacific coast making it accessible fur tourists from within the interior of USA and other countries such Japan, China, and Europe and so-this has brought in many tourists.
• The presence of large areas of land for preservation and conservation of tourist resources such as national parks like Yellow stone national park and Zoos like San Diego. This bas kept many important tourist attractions like wild animals in one place thus promoting tourism.

Other factors

• Presence of historical resources or antiquities such as museum, forts, castles, rock, paintings, scientific works, automotive in towns like Long beach, Los Angeles have attracted many tourists to California to watch and carry out research on those resources.
• Presence of flourishing film industry at Holly wood which is the most important in the world has attracted many artists and affluent people in this area for tourism purposes including research, filming, training, watching cinemas, producing films thus promoting tourism.
• Presence of well-developed and efficient transport facilities such airports, cables, roads and railways with the fastest trains that create access to tourism areas by transporting tourists have encouraged development of tourism in California. · ‘
• The presence of efficient and modem hotels, game lodges, camps that provide better accommoda1ion and feeding have attracted tourists to California. Until 2015 California had the largest and busiest hotel in the world called the Venetian and the Pallazo hotel with53 floors in Las Vegas city California. Others are MGM Grand Las Vegas in Las Vegas ranked as no. 3
• The high level of hospitality of the people in California has favored development of tourism in that tourists are not lookai.as strangers but visitors who deserve better treatment. The fact that California is one of the best tourist destinations in the whole world, it has the biggest number of tourists and tourism facilities of which more than 30 of its hotels are ranked among the first I00 biggest and busiest hotels in the world.
• Availability of large sums of capital to enhance development of tourism by constructing modem roads and railways to transport tourists , hotels, chalets and restaurants to provide accommodation and feeding of the tourists in Las Vegas, Los Angeles etc.
• The high level of advertisement or publicity of the tourism industry through varying media like magazines, newspapers, televisions, internet have led to development of tourism in California. The best hotels in the world are advertised in magazines, TVs like Aljazeera and this has brought in many tourists
• The favorable government policy of preservation/ protecting the tourist resources, investing in hotels, roads, security , visa allocation to tourists have favored tourism in California.
• California has many immigrants from all over the world who have different cultures, languages and religious beliefs and so have maintained them creating a rich and unique cultural heritage expressed in dressings, recreation, traditional dishes the Negroes, Latin Americans, French, Spanish, Arabs which have attracted many tourists in the state.
• California has an efficient banking system which makes it easy to carry out international transfer of funds while in a foreign country. This has made it possible for affluent people or tourists to move within the country without carrying large amounts of physical cash to transact business thus making their lives and money secure.
• There is a variety of international languages spoken and realized to California such as Spanish, French, English, Germany, Arabic and this has made communication with tourists easy and so has attracted irony tourists from all over the world in the state.
• The presence of an affluent class in form of rich people with a surplus income to spend on tourism. California has one of the highest numbers of affluent people like international artists, designers, producers, entrepreneurs who are spending a lot of money on tourism through visiting national parks, theme parks, casinos for gambling in Las Vegas.
• The presence of varied recreational centres for sports and entertainment has flavored development of tourism in California. Many tourist to go to California to participate in sports and entertainment in Cinemas, discotheques and live watching of international music artists’ performances.
• The provision of organized tour packages with branches all over the world in New York, Shanghai, and London etc. These have promoted tourism by making arrangement for tourist travel such as visa applications, hotel bookings, visiting of several places for single double or group tourists
• California is a politically stable country with the local police on 24 hour surveillance to curb insecurity, theft and disorders in cities like Las Vegas, Los Angles, This security has attracted many tourists in the country leading to development tourist industry.
• Modern technology used to develop modem transport routes such as fly overs, recreation centers such as amusement parks, gambling centers in casinos and hotels, modern and fascinating in Las Vegas, Los Angeles such as The Venetian and The Pallazo hotels have attracted tourists in the state.
• Continuous research to promote tourism through innovations such as introduction of international cuisines, improvement of hotel and transport technology has all led to development of tourism in California.
• Existence of skilled labour in form of transporters, tour guides who move with tourists showing them areas of interest, linguists, hotel chefs who prepare international dishes, have led to development of tourism in California.

SOUTH Africa

Tourist centres include: Cape Town. Johannesburg, south coast at Durban, East London etc.

Tourist resources/attractions include: mountains such as the Drakensburg or Karoos, coastal landscape, drainage features, wildlife, desert climate and vegetation etc.

Factors that have led to development of tourism in South Africa

Physical factors

• Presence of varied climate has favored tourism in that during winter tourists engage in winter games such as skiing  and skating on  snow  or  glaciers   and     watching  of  beautiful  scenery  along  the  Karoos  or Drakensburg mountains. During summer sun bathing, swimming along the coast and Cape Town takes place. Mountain climbing and filming are also done. The Kalahari Desert with plenty of sunshine has attracted some tourists with interests of filming and camping.
• Presence of varied relief features that promote research, filming and mountain Such mountains include Mt. Drakensburg, coastal landscape around Cape Town have attracted many tourists to South Africa
• Presence of a variety of wild animals such as Zebras, wolves, elephants, sea birds, ostriches in zoos and National parks such as Krunger N.P, Amakhala game reserve, Mala Mala G.R, Addo Elephant N.P, Camdeboo N.P have attracted many tourists to South Africa to carry out filming, watching, controlled bunting and  wild  game  meat  such  as  crocodile,  Zebra,  antelope  and  Buffalo  beef  served  in some restaurants and lodges.
• Presence of varied drainage features such as the coastal waters of the Indian Ocean with plenty of marine life such as fish, whales, sharks that encourage sport fishing and boat cruising. Rivers such as Orange, Vaal for rafting, swimming and sun bathing. The coastal beaches, cliffs, caves at Cape Town for research filming, sun bathing have all attracted tourists to South Africa.
• The varying vegetation such as the Kalahari Desert cactus and thorny bushes, Veld grasslands such as the Veld and dry savanna and Mediterranean forests have attracted tourists to South Africa to carry out filming, camping, art and design based on the texture of vegetation.
• South Africa is strategically located on the Indian coast making it accessible for tourists from countries such as Japan, China, U.S.A. and Europe.
• The presence of large areas of land for preservation and conservation of tourist resources such as national parks like Kruger N.P, Amakhala game reserve, Mala Mala G.R, Addo Elephant N.P, Camdeboo N.P. This has kept many important tourist attractions like wild animals in one place thus promoting tourism.

Other factors

• Presence of historical resources or antiquities such as Robben islands where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years, museum, forts, castles, rock paintings, scientific works, automotive in towns like Durban, Cape town, Pretoria have attracted many tourists to South Africa to watch and carry out research on those resources.
• Presence of a flourishing film industry with modem production studios at Pretoria, Johannesburg has attracted many artists and affluent people in the country fur tourism purposes including research, filming, training, watching cinema, producing films and songs thus promoting tourism.
• Presence of well-developed and efficient transport facilities such as airports, cables, roads and railways such as the popular Blue train one of the fastest in the world that create access to tourism areas by transporting tourists to their destinations have encouraged development of tourism in South Africa.
• The presence of efficient and modem international hotels such as the Pretoria hotels, African pride hotels, Hilton hotels , game lodges, camps that provide better accommodation and feeding have attracted tourists to South Africa.
• The high level of hospitality of the people in South Africa has favored development of tourism in that tourist are not looked as strangers but visitors who deserve better treatment. The fact that South Africa is one of the best tourist destinations in the whole world, it has the biggest number of tourists and tourism facilities in Africa.
• Availability of large sums of capital obtained from mineral exports such as gold and diamond has been used to enhance development of tourism by constructing modem roads and railways to transport tourists, hotels, chalets and restaurants to provide accommodation and feeding of the tourists in Cape Town, Pretoria and Johannesburg.
• The high level of advertisement or publicity of the tourism industry through varying media like magazines, newspapers, televisions, internet have led to development of tourism in South Africa. Tourist resorts like Pumula Beach hotel, Dolphin Holiday Resort in South Africa area advertised in magazines, TVs like Aljazeera and this has brought in many tourists.
• The favourable  government policy of preservation  / protecting the tourist resources, investing  in hotels, roads, security visa allocation to tourists have favored tourism in South Africa.
• South Africa has many immigrants from all over the world who have different cultures, language and religious beliefs and so have maintained them creating a rich and unique cultural heritage expressed in dressings, recreation, traditional dishes by the Dutch from Netherlands, Latin Americans, French, Spanish, Arabs, Indians, the local Zulu, Xhosa tribes and many African immigrants from Nigeria, Botswana which have attracted many tourists in the country.
• South Africa has an efficient banking system which makes it easier to carry out international transfer of fund while in a foreign country. This has made it possible for affluent people or tourists to move within the country without carrying large amounts of physical cash to transact business thus making their lives and money secure.
• There is a variety of international languages spoken and realized in South Africa such as Dutch Spanish, French, English, Germany, Arabic, Afrikaana  and this has made communication with tourists easy and so  have attracted many tourists from all over the world in the slate.
• The presence of an affluent class in form of rich people like the white settlers with a surplus income to spend on tourism. South Africa has a high number of affluent people like international artists, designers, entrepreneurs who spend a lot of money on tourism through visiting national parks, theme parks, casino for gambling in Cape Town, Johannesburg.
• The presence of varied recreational centres for sports and entertainment has favored development of tourism in South Africa. Many tourists go to South Africa to participate in sports,
• Cinemas, discotheques etc. .
• The provision of organized tour packages with all the world in New York, Shanghai, London etc. These have promoted tourism by making arrangement for tourist travel such as visa applications, hotel booking, and visiting of several paces for single or double tourists.
• South Africa is a relatively politically stable country with the local police on a 24 hour surveillance to curb insecurity; theft and in cities like Pretoria, Cape Town and Johannesburg. This security has attracted many affluent tourists in the country.
• Modern technology to develop modem   transport routes such as flyovers, recreation centres such as amusement parks, football play route of international standard, gambling centres in casinos and hotels, modem and fascinating 5 and 6 star hotels in Cape Town, Pretoria have attracted tourists in the state.
• Continuous research to promote tourism through innovations such as introduction of international cuisines, improvement of hotel and transport technology has all led to development of tourism in South Africa
• Existence of skilled labour in form of transport tour guides who move with tourists showing them areas of interest, linguists, hotel chefs who prepare international dishes, have led to development of tourism in South Africa

 

2. Explain the problems facing the tourism industry in either Kenya or Switzerland         (25 marks)

(The candidate should select one country, Identify the tourist attractions /resources, identify the tourist centres /resources)

Kenya

Kenya has one of the most developed tourism sector in East Africa

It receives over one million visitors every year and it’s the highest foreign exchange earner.

The major tourist attractions include:

• Well-stocked game parks such as Tsavo, Masai-Mara, Ambosali., Nakuru, Aberdane with a Variety of wild animals such as lions., giraffe, baboons, cheetahs, leopards, wildebeest that offer opportunities for fihring, game watching, wild dishes (Carnivore), hunting that have led to development of tourism
• Historical sites such Fort Jesus, Gedi, Mombasa a historical route of slave trade, Orlongesaille and relics of slave trade, Portuguese and Arab influence at the coast is all attractive destinations.
• Opportunities for ornithology including bird watching at Lake Nakuru, Bogoria (flamingos) has attracted many tourists with intensions of bird watching.
• Beautiful relief features such as the eastern rift valley, active volcanoes such as Doinyo-Lengai, Turkana’s Volcanic Islands, rock desert of lava near L. Turkana, Mt Kenya
• Drainage features such as the Indian ocean and associated features like Mombasa coral reefs, beautiful white sand beach such as Diani, Lamu & Mombasa beach offers research & recreation opportunities like game fishing.
• Varied unique Africa vegetation such as mangrove forest at the coast of Mombasa, Montane vegetation along Mt. Kenya & the equatorial forests along the Victoria basin near Kisii, Kericho, Kisumu & open grass land(savanna of the Masai-Mara, and Tsavo national park.
• Tropical climate of sun-shine throughout the year that promotes sun-bathing throughout Mombasa, Nairobi particularly to tourists originating from temperate cold countries like Sweden, Switzerland.
• Diversity of languages such as English, French. Swahili, German, and Arabic have made Kenya a tourist destination because many tourists can easily communicate with the local population and tour different areas such as down town markets, game parks, shopping malls etc.

 

The major tourist centres include Mombasa, Nakulu, Nairobi Eldoret, etc.

Problems facing the tourism industry in Kenya

• Poaching to get animal hides (Leopard), ivory (elephants), wild game (Gazelles, Ostrich) has led to reduction of the major wild animals like lions, elephants thus affecting the industry
• Seasonal nature of the tourist industry. Tourists from temperate countries like U.S A, Germany often visit Tropical countries during the winter on in the areas of origin. During summer, they go back rendering hotels, restaurants and other tourism services unemployed yet there are high costs of maintenance.
• There is limited tour and travel agencies with organized tour packages with branches in the countries of origin of tourists. This has affected the flow of tourists in the country thus affecting the development of the tourism industry.
• Language barrier since there are few international languages spoken in Kenya is a problem. For example Chinese, Spanish languages are hardly spoken in Kenya and so have limited the flow of tourists coming from those Asian countries yet they have the highest population of the world.
• Less supportive government policy for example failure to control or stop poaching, bureaucracies in attaining entry visas, reluctance w develop transport route that link to tourist attractions in form of modem roads, airports has limited the flow of the affluent tourists who want to use the fastest means of transport and spend fewer days in Kenya.
• Poor management skills and limited skilled labour in form of international chefs, leisure and hospitality specialists in hotels, National parts have affected the development of tourism.
• Pests and diseases that destroy plant, wild animals and tourists. Of recent Ebola and Aids is a scare in Kenya. Others are malaria, sleeping sickness, river blindness which has scared many tourists to choose Kenya as a suitable tourist destination.
• Encroachment on National Parks due to population pressure for example along the Masa.i-Mara national park in Kenya has led to killing of some dangerous animals like lions and leopard while the few hide in the thick bushes and so threatening the survival of the tourism industry.
• Of recent pollution on water bodies such as L. Nakuru in Kenya that endangers flamingos and other aquatic life is a problem.
• Under-developed tourist attraction sites such as historical sites, forests without accommodation facilities, catering services have limited the number of tourist coming to Kenya.
• Drought in many parts of Kenya has destroyed vegetation which is the habitat for wild animal thus leading to their reduction in numbers. Besides destruction of vegetation which in itself is a tourist attraction has undermined the development of tourism.
• Political instability/ violence in most African countries like Kenya limit the number of tourists coming in the country due to fear of losing their lives and money.
• Internal/local poverty amongst the people bas limited local tourists and they see tourism as wastage of potential agricultural land and conservation of potential meals in form of wild game offered by some animals like Buffaloes, ostrich, Zebras etc.
• Competition for tourists with developed countries like France, Italy, Mexico, Spain limits the number of tourists in Kenya.
• Inadequate funding/ embezzlement of funds by tourist managers is still a problem in Kenya.
• Poor transport/ inaccessibility to tourist attractions are still a problem.
• Deforestation for agricultural use destroys the habitat for wildlife. Similarly development of energy sites along water falls have led to destruction of national beauty (water falls).
• Profit repatriation by investors
• Low levels of technological advancement

Switzerland

• The Swiss tourist industry is very well developed and it’s a major foreign exchange earner for the country
• The major tourist attractions include Relief i.e. the Alpine region with snow caped mountains and glacial features such as the pyramidal peaks, the swish plateau.
• Drainage features such as lakes like Geneva, Constance and Rivers such as the great Rhine River, R Rhone, Aar etc.
• Vegetation, composing of Alpine vegetation
• Varied climate i.e. Mediterranean, Montane etc.
• Diverse culture e.g. English, Germany, French, Italian

The main tourist centres include Basel, Zurich,  St Moritz, Lucerne, Bern, Davos etc.

Problems facing the tourism industry in Switzerland

• Global warming causing melting of ice sheets and avalanches, reducing the areas of tourist attractions.
• Diseases affecting the wild animals
• Terrorist attacks /threats
• Competition with other countries
• High transport costs especially in the Alps region because of the rugged terrain
• Global economic recession
• Seasonality of the tourism activity
• Severe winters affecting the movement of tourists
• Congestion on tourist sites especially in peak season
• Congestion at tourist attractions e.g. tourist resorts.
• Threat of terrorists who may pretend to be tourists causing destruction of property and loss of lives.
• Competition with other countries e.g. France, Germany, etc. limits the total number of tourists coming in the country.
• Over-use of resources like electricity, water compromising provision of social services.
• Spread of diseases e.g. Aids to the people of Switzerland.
• Limited wildlife animals than those of African countries.
• Pollution from industries
• Accidents due slippery road, and congestion.

 

3. Assess the contribution of tourist industry to the development of either Switzerland or Egypt.

(Candidates should select one country and explain the positive and negative contributions of tourist industry)

• For Switzerland, examples of tourist attractions include drainage features like river Rhine, Lake Zurich. Geneva and Constance.
• Relief features like the Alps and the glacial landscape, the winter and summer climate, Alpine vegetation etc.
• For Egypt, example of tourist attractions include: Sinai Mountains, historical features like pyramids, water features like the Oasis and the Nile, coastal landscape, desert landscape, desert vegetation etc.

 

Contributions of tourism are more or less similar

Egypt

Positive contributions

• Source of government revenue used to develop the country through taxation of tourism operators like hotels, restaurants, game parks, tour and travel companies etc. Such revenue is used to construct roads, railways, power stations, pay civil servants like the police, teachers, the army Salaries thus leading to development.
• Source of foreign exchange through custom entry fees, tourist expenditures on food, clothing, transport, entry fee to national parks and tourists resorts etc. such currency is spent to develop the country by constructing roads, railways used for transportation of people and merchandise, to set up hospitals which give health care services so as to improve the peoples standard of living.
• Creates employment to a variety of people e.g. Linguists tour guides, game rangers, waiters, tour and travel companies and their workers etc. These earn income to improve their standard of living by acquiring their social needs like better accommodation, health care, education for their children, feeding, clothing etc.
• Increases market for local products e.g. crafts, electronics, food stuffs etc. thereby stimulating the growth of the local economy through growth of industries which manufacture products and agriculture which produces agricultural food stuffs like dairy products, rice, potatoes, vegetables etc.
• Encourage conservation of tourist assets/ environment e.g. wild animals through gazetting of game reserves, game parks like Ras Muhammad, Zaranik national parks in Egypt This is important for the continuity of biodiversity for future use.
• Promotes economic diversification and diverts reliance on a few economic activities like mining, agriculture whose net output in terms of receipt may fluctuate. This provision of an alternative source of income is important for stabilization of the economy
• Tourism makes use of unproductive land such as the western desert of Egypt thus bringing an income to marginal regions.
• Leads to urbanization due to development of tourist hotels, restaurants, financial institution, night dubs and these provide better accommodation to people, improved social services like education, health care, security, clean water for domestic use, electricity leading to improvement of people’s standard of living. Such towns include Alexandria in Egypt
• Result into acquisition of managerial and social skills such as administration, language, catering services to the workers and enabled them to start their own jobs like tour and travel companies, catering services leading to development of the country.
• Promotes international cooperation e.g. between Egypt and USA, France, Canada, China. This attracts different forms of foreign aid ranging from health care facilities such as the GAVI FUNDS to control AIDS in Africa and development of transport facilities.
• Encourages infrastructural development e.g. Port Alexandria, port Said in Egypt, roads, railways which have been established to facilitate movement of tourists, merchandise as well as people in the country.
• It promotes development of the filming industry owing to the unique landscape scenery, drainage as well as the conserved wildlife. Much of such films belong to the National Geographic and discovery international television channels/network.

Negative importance

• Promotes undesirable habits e.g. child sex, prostitution, lesbian and homosexuality, drug abuse which affect social and moral fundamentals of society.
• Encourages poaching to get pets such as monkeys, chimps, parrots and the valuable elephant ivory, leopard skin, lion teeth and skin for voodoo practices, controlled hunting where some animals like leopards and lions are legally killed after payment of some fees thus leading to killing and loss of wild animals which affects the Eco- system.
• May discourage or undermine development of other sectors like mining , agriculture for growing of cotton along the Nile basin in Egypt.
• Large purpose built resorts with sprawling apartments or complexes have disfigured landscape in Alexandria, Cairo, Port Said etc.
• Tourists are suspected of spreading some diseases like AIDS, syphilis and other forms of STDs. among people and perhaps transmit some diseases to animals in zoos and game parks. This has led to poor standard of living in some cases.
• An influx of tourists put pressure on Local resources like water; electricity, food stuffs, transport facilities leading to insufficient service delivery to the local population hence compromising their standard of living.
• The flow of tourists is seasonal and this affects the tourism industry and associated service sectors like hotels, tour and travel agencies because they have to maintain the available idle resources like hotels, gardens, camping stations and pay the labour. This has led to over spending and limited receipts.
• Lead to development of cities such as Cairo, Alexandria and their associated evils such as congestion, pollution or poor hygiene, development of slums with their associated problems.
• Some tourists are a National threat because some are spies who cause political havoc in the country, some are terrorists who kill people in large numbers and destroy properties like hotels for example the bombing of the USA embassies in Egypt was done by tourists.
• Displacement of people and reducing land for other economic activities.
• There is destruction of natural landscape through construction of sprawling hotels/ apartments etc.

4. Examine the factors which have led to the development of the tourist in either Tanzania or United States of America (USA).

Factors that have led to development of the tourism are more or less the same

• Presence of historical resources or antiquities such as museum, forts, castles, rock paintings, scientific works, automotive in town
• Presence of flourishing film industry at Holly Wood which is the most important in the world has attracted many artists and affluent people in this are for tourism purposes including research, filming, watching cinemas, producing films thus promoting tourism.
• Presence of well-developed and efficient transport facilities such as airport, cables, roads and railways with the fastest trains that transport tourists.
• Presence of high accommodation and eating centres
• High level of hospitality favors tourism
• Availability of capital to invest in tourist industries such as in construction of hotels and recreation centres etc.
• High levels of advertisement or publicity of tourist attraction resource.
• Favorable government policies such as preserving/protection of tourist resource, investing in security etc.
• Rich and unique culture such people with different cultures and color attracts tourists.
• Efficient banking system promotes easy transactions in tourist industry in different forms of currencies.
• Availability of many international languages spoken such as French, Spanish, English etc.
• Presence of affluent class of people that can pay for tourism services.
• Presence of multiple recreation centres for sport and entertainment in cinema, discotheques, international music performance etc.
• Organization of favorable tour packages from different countries including visa applications, hotel booking etc.
• Political stability that allows long term investment in tourism
• Modern technology that enable online hotel booking, fly overs, recreation centres such as amusement parks, gambling centres etc.
• Existence of skilled labour in the tourist industry such as transporters, guides, managers etc.
• Favorable climate such as winter and summer.
• Presence of variety of relief features such as mountains, rivers, lakes, plateaus etc. that attract tourists.
• Valid vegetation including forests, desert vegetation etc.
• Presence of rich wild life including animals, birds, insects etc.

Thank you

Dr. Bbosa Science