How do group II elements react with sulphuric acid under different conditions

  Reactions of group II elements with sulphuric acid

(i) Dilute sulphuric acid

Calcium and barium react slowly with cold dilute sulphuric acid but the reaction immediately stops because their sulphates are insoluble.

(ii) Reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid

With hot concentrated acid group II metals react to form sulphates, sulphur dioxide and water but the reaction with barium is stopped by the formation of an insoluble sulphate.

Be(s) + 2H₂SO₄(aq)     → BeSO₄(s) + SO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

Mg(s) + 2H₂SO₄(aq)    → MgSO₄(s) + SO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

Calcium dissolves in hot concentrated sulphuric acid to form calcium hydrogen sulphate

Ca(s) + 2H₂SO₄(aq) → Ca(HSO₄)₂(aq) + H₂(g)

Barium reacts shortly with sulphuric acid due to insoluble sulphate formed

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