How do properties of glucose and fructose differ

The chemical properties of glucose and fructose differ due to their distinct functional groups and structural arrangements.

1. Glucose:
   • Functional Group: Glucose is an aldose, which means it contains an aldehyde group (–CHO) at one end.
   • Structure: It has a six-carbon backbone (hexose) and exists in both open-chain and cyclic forms.
   • Cyclic Form: When glucose cyclizes, it forms a six-membered ring (pyranose ring) due to the reaction between the aldehyde group and the hydroxyl group on the fifth carbon. This cyclic form is more stable.
   • Role: Glucose serves as a primary source of energy for living organisms and is essential for cellular metabolism.
2. Fructose:
   • Functional Group: Fructose is a ketose, containing a ketone group (–C=O) in its structure.
   • Structure: Like glucose, fructose also has a six-carbon backbone (hexose).
   • Cyclic Form: Fructose forms a five-membered ring (furanose ring) upon cyclization. The ketone group reacts with the hydroxyl group on the second carbon.
   • Occurrence: Fructose is commonly found in fruits and is often referred to as “fruit sugar.”
   • Metabolism: Unlike glucose, fructose is primarily metabolized in the liver.

Dr. Bbosa Science