Kingdom Protoctista, spirogyra, algae (A-level biology)
Kingdom Protoctista
Specific objectives
- State characteristic of Protoctista.
- Describe the structure of protozoa
- Outline the role of protozoa and algae in environment.
- Name common disease caused by protozoa
- Outline methods of preventing spread of diseases caused by protoctists.
The kingdom Protoctista consists of eukaryotic organisms which are assemblages of similar cells. It includes algae, all protozoa and slime molds.
Characteristics
- Have no stems, roots or leaves
- No sclerenchyma
- No vascular tissue
- No archegonia
- Have other photosynthetic pigments in addition to chlorophyll a.
| Phylum: Chlorophyta (green algae) | Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae) |
| Chlorophyll a and b present | Chlorophyll a and c |
| Food reserve is starch | Food reserve include mannitol and laminarin |
| Cellulose cell wall | Cell wall include alginic acid. |
| Unicellular, filamentous or thalloid | No unicellular form |
| Mostly freshwater | Almost all marine |
| e.g. spirogyra | e.g. Fucus |
Structure of Spirogyra
Reproduction
Asexual reproduction by fragmentation
Sexual reproduction by conjugation
Stages of conjugation in spirogyra
The economic advantage of algae
- Primary producer
- Food
- Provide oxygen in water through photosynthesis.
- Alginic acid derivatives are used as a thickener in food, cosmetics, and drug industry.
- Algal bloom causes water to smell and may lead to depletion of oxygen and the death of fish.
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CATEGORIES A-level Biology
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