Response of endotherms e.g. man to cold conditions
Response of endotherms e.g. man to cold conditions
- The hair is raised and brought into a more-or- less vertical position by contraction of erector pili muscle. Air gets trapped in the spaces between the hairs and being a poor conductor of heat, it serves as an insulator round the animals. In humans the body hair is much reduced, its placed being taken by clothes. Even so the erector pili muscles contract just the same, resulting in “goose pimple”. In birds the feathers serve the same function as the hair of mammals, being raised in cold weather.
- Vasoconstriction: i.e. the arterioles leading to the superficial capillaries constrict. As a result, the blood flow to the surface of the skin is reduced, thereby cutting down the heat energy from the blood to the surrounding.
- The metabolic rate increases, the generation of heat inside the body to compensate for heat loss.
- Decrease in sweating reduce heat loss through evaporation.
- Shivering: at very low temperature skeletal muscles are stimulated to contract and relax automatically leading to production of heat.
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