The pH of blood and tissue fluids in humans remain constant at about 7.4 in spite of metabolic activities which produce hydrogen ions. Explain how this constant pH   is maintained by the kidneys. 

The pH of blood and tissue fluids in humans remain constant at about 7.4 in spite of metabolic activities which produce hydrogen ions. Explain how this constancy   is maintained by the kidneys.

• Carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce hydrogen and hydrogen carbonate ions.
• When the pH of blood is low, the cells of distal convoluted tubule secrete hydrogen ions retaining hydrogen carbonate ions, thereby raising the pH.
• When the pH of blood raises above normal, the cells of distal convoluted tubules secrete hydrogen carbonate ions into renal fluid and retain hydrogen ions which lowers the pH.

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