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CO
2 reacts with water to produce carbonic acid H
2CO
3. In the red blood cells, the reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase.
Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions combine with hemoglobin to form haemoglobinic acid while HCO
3– diffuses into the blood.
The electroneutrality in the red blood cells is maintained by an inward movement of chloride ions from the plasma so-called
chloride shift.
In the lungs, hydrogen ions combine with hydrogen carbonate ions to give CO
2 which is lost to the atmosphere.
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