Using the law of Independent Assortment, explain the 3:1 ratio in F2 generation of monohybrid inheritance when one parent is homozygous dominant and the other homozygous recessive for a trait.

  • Each trait is produced by a pair of alleles,
  • The alleles of genes separate during gamete formation, and the paired condition is restored by random fusion of gametes during fertilization
  • The zygote formed receives only one allele from each parent
  • A phenotype of recessive allele represented by a small letter is masked by a phenotype of dominant allele represented by a capital letter
  • When two similar alleles are present condition is referred to as homozygous state and when dissimilar alleles are present is heterozygous state.
  • When homozygous dominant individual is crossed with homozygous recessive individual; all the offspring in F1 generation show a dominant phenotype; when offspring in F1 generation are selfed, the F2 generation contain individuals with dominant phenotype and others with recessive phenotype in ratio 3:1

For instance

The cross of a tall plant and short plant is shown diagrammatically below

The allele for tallness (dominant) character is represented by a capital letter T while the allele for shortness (recessive character) is represented by small letter t. It is assumed that each parent plant contains a pair of identical alleles; TT in case of tall plant and tt in case of short plant.

Thank you

 

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