Graphs

The common graphs at primary level are the line graphs and bar graphs.

Line graph

A line graph is a type of chart used to show information that changes over time.

We plot line graphs using several points connected by straight lines.

 

The line graph comprises of two axes known as ‘x’ axis and ‘y’ axis.

• The  horizontal axis is known as the x-axis.
• The vertical axis is known as the y-axis.

 

Plotting a line graph

Plotting a line graph is easy. Here are the simple steps to consider while plotting a line graph.

• Draw the x-axis and y-axis on the graph paper. Make sure to write the title above the table so that it determines the purpose of the graph.
• For instance, if one of the factors is time, it goes on the horizontal axis, referred to as the x-axis. The other factor would subsequently go on the vertical axis, which is known as the y-axis. Label both the axes as per their respective factors. For example, we can label the x-axis as time or day.
• Afterward, with the help of the already given data, point out the exact values on the graph. Once you join the points, you can make a clear inference about the trend.

Example 1

On the grid below mark a point A whose coordinates are (5, -3).

Solution

Mark point A – 5 point along the X-axis and -3 point along the y-axis

 

 

Example 2

The graph below was used for converting Kenya shillings into Uganda shillings. Use it to answer parts (a) and (b)

 

(a) If you had 1 Kenya shilling, how many Uganda shillings would you have got?

 

(b) How many Kenya shillings would one have got for Uganda shillings 1 400?

Bar graphs

The length of each bar is proportional to the amount that it represents.

Example 3

The bar graph below shows heights in cm of 8 boys from Kelima Primary School. Use it to answer the questions that follow;

 

(a) Complete the table below

Kamoga	Kingo	Konde	Mpambe	Obbo	Otim	Jumba	Kojo
145cm	140cm	155cm	110cm	145cm	160cm	160cm	115cm

(b) What is the height of the shortest boy?

The height of the shortest boy = 110cm

(c) What does one square on the vertical axis represent?

1 square on vertical axis = 5cm

For more examples and exercise download PDF below

Graphs and plotting- upper primary

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