Fish farming in Uganda

This is the rearing of fish in a controlled environment for food or sale

Importance of fish farming

• Source of food
• Source revenue from sale of fish
• Source of employment
• Source of animal feeds
• Diversification economic activities.

Challenges of fish farming

• Lack of land/space for ponds
• Lack of education and skills in fish farming
• Lack of inputs
• High costs for fish feeds
• High pollution of water and swamps
• Limited research
• Low level of technology
• Legal restriction on fish farming in swamps.

Species of fish reared in Uganda

• Tilapia
• Cat fish
• The carp
• Nile perch
• Silver fish
• Lung fish

Fishpond

It is a structure used to hold a standing body of water with limited flow.

Types of fishponds

• Embankment pond (levee ponds): is made by construction of walls above the ground level to impound water without excavation into the ground.
• Excavated pond: made by digging out the soil and then using the dug soil to build pond embankment.
• Partially excavated pond with low walls (ravine ponds):

Features of a good fishpond

• Permanent /reliable water source throughout the year
• Pond walls or dykes to hold the water in the pond.
• Water controls to manage water level and flow.
• Tracks and roadways along the pond wall for easy access.
• Harvesting facilities and other equipment for water and fish management.
• Security
• Access to market

Care for fishpond

• Feed the fish regularly and remove excess food and debris from the pond
• Observe the fish for healthy swimming, eating, and breathing behavior
• Monitor the water level, temperature, pH and quality, and add new water if needed
• Clean the pond and the pump, filter, lines, and fountains regularly
• Manage the nearby plants and grow water plants to provide shade and oxygen
• Control water weeds

To prevent diseases in your fishpond

1. Water Quality Maintenance:

• Regularly test the water quality for pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate levels.
• Maintain proper water circulation and aeration to prevent stagnation.
• Use a good-quality filter to remove debris and excess nutrients.

2. Quarantine New Fish:

• Before introducing new fish, quarantine them in a separate tank for a few weeks.
• Observe their health and behavior during this period to prevent the spread of diseases.

3. Avoid Overcrowding:

• Overcrowding stresses fish and increases the risk of diseases.
• Follow recommended stocking densities based on the size of your pond.

4. Feed Properly:

• Feed your fish a balanced diet to boost their immune system.
• Avoid overfeeding, as excess food can lead to water pollution.

5. Remove Dead Fish Promptly:

• Dead fish can release harmful substances into the water.
• Remove them promptly to prevent disease transmission.

6. Regular Inspections:

• Check your fish for signs of illness (e.g., abnormal swimming, lesions, discoloration).
• Address any issues promptly by consulting a fish health professional.
• Remember that prevention is key, and maintaining a healthy environment is crucial for disease prevention in your fishpond.

Methods of harvesting fish

• Drainage of pond water completely pick out fish and refill with water
• Use of nets

Method of preserving and processing fish

• Drying
• Salting
• Smoking
• Canning
• Freezing
• dehydrating

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Dr. Bbosa Science